United States Naval Academy
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Lab Notebooks and Lab Reports

The purpose of this web page is to give Midshipmen in the ECE Department some guidance on how to maintain a lab notebook and how to write a formal lab report using the information in the lab notebook as a source.  In addition to the guidance, a sample of a lab notebook entry for an experiment is provided, along with a report based on the data collected in the lab notebook.

LaTeX is a system that will allow you to produce your reports.  It is a cost-free alternative to Microsoft Word that is superior in its handling of mathematics, figures, and typesetting.  The above link to it will explain how to get it, how to install it, and how to use it.  The report below was formatted using it. However, you may in general use Word or any other word processor if you would prefer to do so.

Lab Notebook excerpts (376 kB) Formal Lab Report (127 kB)
The lab notebook should contain
  • a copy of the lab specification provided by your instructor, if applicable;
  • notes on how you chose your circuit design;
  • a schematic drawing of your circuit;
  • an analysis of the circuit;
  • design equations that apply to it;
  • notes on how you decided what component values to use;
  • values you measured for your components;
  • what you measured in your circuit;
  • what values you got;
  • questions you had about your lab work as you proceeded;
  • graphs and tables as appropriate
The lab report explains to a knowledgeable reader what you did.  It organizes the material in such a way that it can be readily grasped.  Everything present in the report should be there for a specific purpose that is obvious to the reader.   You may need to state what that purpose is, if it is not immediately apparent.  Here are some specific guidelines you should observe in writing your report:
  • Include an abstract, summarizing the results of the experiment.  It should let a prospective reader answer the question, "Should I read this report?"
  • Include a table of contents, a list of figures, and a list of tables.
  • State what the purpose of the lab is.
  • State what equipment you used.  This helps a reader decide how hard it would be to replicate your results.
  • Present a schematic of your circuit and an explanation of what it does.  This includes an analysis and the design equations that let you pick appropriate component values.
  • Explain how you chose what components to use.
  • Give your observations.  You may elect to put details into one or more appendices if doing so clarifies your report.
  • Analyze and interpret the results of the lab.  This may require graphs with a guide to the reader on how to interpret the graphs.
  • State your conclusions.  What new questions did your work raise?  Were the results surprising?  How?  What hypotheses would allow further investigation into any surprises?  What aspects of the design equations were not exactly right?  What approximations in the theory as you applied it might have led to the results you observed?  What unexpected or unmeasured factors might explain what you saw?  What experimental blunders would help explain any surprises?
  • Eliminate spelling errors from your report.  Try reading it aloud to yourself in order to detect awkard phrasing and get rid of it, too.
  • Number all figures and tables.  Refer to them in your report by number so that the reader knows which ones you are referring to.  Provide captions that summarize what they show.
  • Number all pages.