Stockdale Center for Ethical Leadership
Intellectual History of the Western Just War Tradition
Ancient and Early Christian
Context
- Gregory A. Raymond, “The Greco-Roman Roots of the Western Just War Tradition,” in Howard M. Hensel, ed., The Prism of Just War: Asian and Western Perspectives on the Legitimate Use of Military Force (Ashgate, 2010)
- Josiah Ober, “Classical Greek Times,” in Michael Howard, George J. Andreopoulos and Mark Shulman, eds., The Laws of War: Constraints on Warfare in the Western World (Yale, 1994)
Greek
- Thucydides, Reichberg et al., Chapter 1
- Plato, Reichberg et al., Chapter 2
- Aristotle, Reichberg et al., Chapter 3
Roman
- Roman ius fetiale, Reichberg et al., Chapter 4
- Cicero, Reichberg et al., Chapter 5
Early Christian
- Patristic, Reichberg et al., Chapter 6
- Augustine, Reichberg et al., Chapter 7
Medieval
Holy War
- Peace movements, Reichberg et al., Chapter 8
- Crusades, Reichberg et al., Chapter 9
Canonists
- Gratian and the Decretists, Reichberg et al., Chapter 10
- Raymond of Penafort and William of Rennes, Reichberg et al., Chapter 12
- Innocent IV, Reichberg et al., Chapter 13
- Hostiensis, Reichberg et al., Chapter 15
Theologians
- Alexander of Hales, Reichberg et al., Chapter 14
- Aquinas, Reichberg et al., Chapter 16
Tyranny & Chivalry
- John of Salisbury, Reichberg et al., Chapter 11
- Christine de Pizan, Reichberg et al., Chapter 19
Late Scholastic and Reformation
Late Scholastic
- Cajetan, Reichberg et al., Chapter 22
- Francisco de Vitoria, “On the American Indians” and “On the Laws of War,” in Anthony Pagden and Jeremy Lawrance, eds., Francisco de Vitoria: Political Writings (Cambridge, 1991)
- Luis de Molina, Reichberg et al., Chapter 28
- Francisco Suarez, Reichberg et al., Chapter 29
Reformation and Protestant
- Martin Luther & Jean Calvin, Reichberg et al., Chapter 25
- Radical Reformation, Reichberg et al., Chapter 26
- Alberico Gentili, Reichberg et al., Chapter 30
- Richard Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace: Political Thought and the International Order from Grotius to Kant (Oxford, 1999), Chapter 3
- Hugo Grotius, Reichberg et al., Chapter 32
Modern
- Hobbes, Reichberg et al., Chapter 33
- Tuck, Chapter 4
- Pufendorf, Reichberg et al., Chapter 35
- Tuck, Chapter 5
- Locke, Reichberg et al., Chapter 36
- Wolff, Reichberg et al., Chapter 37
- Montesquieu, Reichberg et al., Chapter 38
- Vattel, Reichberg et al., Chapter 40
- Tuck, Chapter 6
- Rousseau, Reichberg et al., Chapter 39
- Immanuel Kant, Reichberg et al., Chapter 41
- Tuck, Chapter 7
- Daniel Webster, Reichberg et al., Chapter 44
- Lieber, Reichberg et al., Chapter 45
- Mill, “A Few Words on Non-intervention”
Twentieth Century
- Anscombe, ""War and Murder"
- Anscombe, “Mr. Truman's Degree"
- Ramsey (on nuclear weapons), Reichberg et al., Chapter 51
- National Conference of Catholic Bishops, Reichberg et al., Chapter 57
- Selections from Just and Unjust Wars
Contemporary
Justified killing: double effect
- Selections from http://undpress.nd.edu/books/P00640#description
- Joseph Shaw, “Intention in Ethics,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy (2006)
Justified killing: forfeiture
- Christopher Heath Wellmen, “The Forfeiture Theory of Punishment,” Ethics 122 (2): 371-393 (2012)
- David Rodin, selections from War and Self-Defense (2002)
Punishment as a just cause
- James Turner Johnson, “The Idea of Defense in Historical and Contemporary Thinking about Just War,” Journal of Religious Ethics (2008)
- David Luban, “War as Punishment,” Philosophy & Public Affairs (2011)
Right intention: does it matter; which intention?
- M. Scanlon, “The Proper Role of Intention in Military Decision Making,” in Roger Wertheimer, ed., Empowering Our Military Conscience: Transforming Just War Theory and Military Moral Education (Ashgate , 2010)
- Annalisa Koeman, “A Realistic and Effective Constraint on the Resort to Force? Pre-commitment to Jus in Bello and Jus Post Bellum as Part of the Criterion of Right Intention,” Journal of Military Ethics (2007)
Preventive war
- Allen E. Buchanan. “Justifying Preventive War,” Shue and Rodin, eds., Preemption: Military Action and Moral Justification (Oxford, 2007)
- Neta C. Crawford, “The False Promise of Collective Security Through Preventive War,” ibid.
- David Rodin, “The Problem with Prevention,” ibid.
- Henry Shue, “What Would A Justified Preventive Military Attack Look Like?”, ibid.
- David Luban, “Preventive War and Human Rights,” ibid.
Necessity ad bellum
- Seth Lazar, “Necessity in Self-defense and War,” Philosophy and Public Affairs (2012)
Rreasonable chance of success
- Daniel Statman, “On the Success Condition for Legitimate Self‐Defense,” Ethics (2008)
Proportionality ad bellum
- Thomas Hurka, “Proportionality and the Morality of War,” Philosophy and Public Affairs (2005)
- Paul Gilbert, “Proportionality in the Conduct of War,” Journal of Military Ethics (2005)
Jus post bellum
- Brian Orend, “Justice After War,” Ethics & International Affairs (2002)
- Gary Bass, “Jus Post Bellum,” Philosophy & Public Affairs (2004)
- Doug McCready, “Ending the War Right: Jus Post Bellum and the Just War Tradition,” Journal of Military Ethics (2009)