Project 2: Blackjack

Part 1 [Up to 30pts] Shuffle

A part 1 solution will create and optionally shuffle a deck of cards, printing out the cards (one per line) represented as integers, as described below. Here are specifications:

1. When your program starts, the user will be presented with this message:

   Shuffle: [n | u <seed>]:
   

   If the user enters n, no shuffling will take place. Otherwise, we'll shuffle using a random number generator, which of course needs to be seeded. In particular, if the user uses the u option followed by a number, this number is then used as the seed. But before we can shuffle, let's talk about how to represent the deck of cards.
2. Each card will be represented by a single integer cardvalue in the following way:
   • The cardvalue is a combination of the card's face and suit:

     cardvalue =  facevalue + 100 × suitvalue
     

   • The facevalue is represented as follows:

     2 = 2, 3 = 3, ..., 10 = 10, 11 = J(jack), 12 = Q(queen), 13 = K(king), 14 = A(ace)
     

   • The suitvalue is represented as follows:

     1 = ♣, 2 = ♦, 3 = ♥, 4 = ♠
     

   • Note this also means that for an integer variable cardvalue, one can compute suitvalue and facevalue as follows:

     facevalue = cardvalue % 100
     suitvalue = cardvalue / 100
     

   Example:

   K♠ → (facevalue=13,suitvalue=4) → 13 + 100*4  → 413
   

NOTE: you should not be storing face and suit values in your code. You will store a single int for each card. You can recover the face and suit from that int (when you need them) using the above definition.

3. Initially, you should create your deck of cards so that the card numbers in your deck are ordered numerically in increasing order:
   1. Start with the 2 of clubs up to the ace of clubs;
   2. then all the diamonds;
   3. then all the hearts;
   4. then all the spades (ending with the ace of spades).
   Therefore, your program should work exactly as follows, when the user doesn't shuffle the deck:

   ~/$ ./p1m Shuffle: [n | u <seed>]: n 102 103 104 ⋮ 412 413 414

   ← 2 + 100*1 ← 2♣ ← 3 + 100*1 ← 3♣ ← 4 + 100*1 ← 4♣ ← 12 + 100*4 ← Q♠ ← 13 + 100*4 ← K♠ ← 14 + 100*4 ← A♠
4. When the user chooses the shuffling option, the program should shuffle the deck created in step 3 right above. Shuffling must be done exactly as follows: assuming the cards are ordered as described above, and indexed from zero to 51:

   for i from 0 up to 51 do    // so 52 times in total 
     set j to rand() % 52                                           
     swap the index i element of the deck with the index j element 
   

(Note, this is not a good enough shuffling algorithm for "real" applications because it introduces a small amount of bias in the ordering, but this is what we're going to do to keep in simple.)

Sample runs: red text represents user input.

~/$ ./p1m Shuffle: [n | u <seed>]: u 2019 107 403 203 408 ⋮ 413 412 407 213 414

← 7 + 100*1 ← 7♣ ← 3 + 100*4 ← 3♠ ← 3 + 100*2 ← 3♦ ← 8 + 100*4 ← 8♠ ← 13 + 100*4 ← K♠ ← 12 + 100*4 ← Q♠ ← 7 + 100*4 ← 7♠ ← 13 + 100*2 ← K♦ ← 14 + 100*4 ← A♠

~/$ ./p1m Shuffle: [n | u <seed>]: u 2018 310 410 313 411 ⋮ 208 308 205 111 302

← 10 + 100*3 ←10♥ ← 10 + 100*4 ←10♠ ← 13 + 100*3 ← K♥ ← 11 + 100*4 ← J♠ ← 8 + 100*2 ← 8♦ ← 8 + 100*3 ← 8♥ ← 5 + 100*2 ← 5♦ ← 11 + 100*1 ← J♣ ← 2 + 100*3 ← 2♥

MILESTONE 1: Submit

~/bin/submit -c=SI204 -p=proj02 p1m.cpp

5. Part 1b

   Copy your p1m.cpp to p1.cpp Now, instead of printing the integer "cardvalues," let's print proper cards.
   For example, instead of the integer 310 you'll print out the card 10♥.
   Our Unix terminal program understands "UTF-8" character encodings, which means we can print card suits to the screen. Each suit symbol is represented by a string. Here are the suits and the corresponding string for printing them in unicode.

   ♣ ← "\u2663", ♦ ← "\u2666", ♥ ← "\u2665", ♠ ← "\u2660".
   

   Warning: You should always print a card's face value and suit right-justified to two spaces. This means that you should always spend two characters on printing a face value (note that suits have always length 2).

   In other words, for example, when you print out 2♣, you need to print a whitespace and 2 to print out the face value (since 2 is a single-digit number):

   string clubs = "\u2663";
   cout << " " << 2 << clubs << endl;  // always spend two characters on printing a face value 
   

   When you print out 10♦, you can just print 10 without adding a whitespace (since 10 is a two-digit number):

   string diamonds = "\u2666";
   cout << 10 << diamonds << endl;  // always spend two characters on printing a face value 
   

   Sample runs: red text represents user input.

   ~/$ ./p1 Shuffle: [n | u <seed>]: n 2♣ 3♣ 4♣ 5♣ ⋮ 10♠ J♠ Q♠ K♠ A♠

   ~/$ ./p1 Shuffle: [n | u <seed>]: u 2019 7♣ 3♠ 3♦ 8♠ ⋮ K♠ Q♠ 7♠ K♦ A♠

   ~/$ ./p1 Shuffle: [n | u <seed>]: u 2018 10♥ 10♠ K♥ J♠ ⋮ 8♦ 8♥ 5♦ J♣ 2♥