We have already established that constraints are those rules or requirements for moral action that are binding on all people at all times. That would seem to suggest that they are absolute - that's to say, they allow for no exceptions. The moral life is never that easy. There are complicating factors that qualify our understanding of moral rules. Can someone, for instance, voluntarily free others from observing their own rights? Can others behave in such as way that they lose their rights? Are there any circumstances in which we may morally subject innocent people - who have neither waived nor forfeited their rights - to undeserved harms?

At the successful completion of this week, you will be able to:

1. Explain how the principle of double effect complicates moral constraints (C, D)
2. Evaluate the significance of those complications (Eg Consider what cases double effect would
   be too permissive, in what cases is it would be too restrictive?) (C, D)
3. Explain how waiving a right eliminates a constraint (C, D)
4. Explain how the principle of forfeiture can temporarily suspend certain rights. (B, D)
5. Explain and apply different approaches to questions of justice and how they function as
   constraints in moral deliberations (A, C)
6. Explain the concept of retributive justice & apply retributive justice issues in a military setting
   (A, E, F)
7.  Explain the concept of distributive justice & apply distributive justice issues in a military setting
   (A, E, F)

READ THIS

• "Constraints Complications: Waiving, Forfeiture, Double Effect, and Justice" Michael Skerker

WATCH THIS (Optional)

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Bonus Track -- A  Different View of the Trolley Problem:

Things to think about:

1. Does harming someone who has either waived or forfeited their rights result in a constraints violation? Does harming someone through the doctrine of double effect? 
   1. What do you think are the appropriate emotional, intellectual, or spiritual responses to killing people under the rubic of the different constraint complications? Basically, how should you  feel  about it? 
2. If harming someone under the guidance of double effect results, as some people argue, in a violation of a moral rule (however justified) can you cause such harm and still be a good person?
3. How does justice correspond to constraints complications? If justice is giving to each their due, can justice be met in situations involving the constraints violations?