Post-9/11 Warfare Ethics Debates

Jus ad bellum

Just cause (and implications)

• David Rodin, War and Self-Defense (Oxford, 2002)
• James Turner Johnson, “The Idea of Defense in Historical and Contemporary Thinking about Just War,” Journal of Religious Ethics (2008)
• Jeff McMahan, Killing in War (Oxford, 2009)
• ______, “The Ethics of Killing in War,” Ethics (2004)
• ______, “Just Cause for War,” Ethics & International Affairs (2005)
• ______, “Collectivist Defenses of the Moral Equality of Combatants,” Journal of Military Ethics (2007)
• David Rodin and Henry Shue, eds., Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers (Oxford, 2008)
• Lene Bomann-Larsen, “License to Kill? The Question of Just vs. Unjust Combatants,” Journal of Military Ethics (2004)
• Andrew Sola, “The Enlightened Grunt? Invincible Ignorance in the Just War Tradition,” Journal of Military Ethics (2009)
• Jordy Rochleau, “From Aggression to Just Occupation? The Temporal Application of Jus Ad Bellum Principles and the Case of Iraq,” Journal of Military Ethics (2010)
• Simon Chesterman, Just War or Just Peace?: Humanitarian Intervention and International Law (Oxford, 2003)

Prevention/preemption

• Neta Crawford, “The Justice of Preemption and Preventative War Doctrines,” in Mark Evans, ed., Just War Theory: A Reappraisal (Edinburgh, 2005)
• Henry Shue and David Rodin, Preemption: Military Action and Moral Justification (Oxford, 2007)
• Dieter Janssen, “Preventive Defense and Forcible Regime Change: A Normative Assessment,” Journal of Military Ethics (2004)
• Randall Dipert, “Preventive War and the Epistemological Dimension of the Morality of War,” Journal of Military Ethics (2006)
• Matthew J. Flynn, First Strike: Preemptive War in Modern History (Routledge, 2008)
• Cian O’Driscoll, Renegotiation of the Just War Tradition and the Right to War in the Twenty-First Century (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008)
• Whitley Kaufman, “What’s Wrong with Preventive War? The Moral and Legal Basis for the Preventive Use of Force,” Ethics & International Affairs (2005)
• Alex Bellamy, Just Wars: From Cicero to Iraq (Polity, 2006

Legitimate authority

• Cecil Fabre, “Cosmopolitanism, just war theory and legitimate authority,” International Affairs (2008)
• Eric Heinze and Brent Steele, eds., Ethics, Authority, and War: Non-State Actors and the Just War Tradition (Palgrave Macmillan, 2009)
• James Pattison, “Whose Responsibility to Protect? The Duties of Humanitarian Intervention,” Journal of Military Ethics (2008)

Reasonable chance of success/proportionate

• Thomas Hurka, “Proportionality and the Morality of War,” Philosophy and Public Affairs (2005)
• Serena Sharma, “The Legacy of Jus Contra Bellum: Echoes of Pacifism in Contemporary Just War Thought,” Journal of Military Ethics (2009)

Right intention

• Annalisa Koeman, “A Realistic and Effective Constraint on the Resort to Force? Pre-commitment to Jus in Bello and Jus Post Bellum as Part of the Criterion of Right Intention,” Journal of Military Ethics (2007)

Jus in bello

General

• Michael Gross, Moral Dilemmas of Modern War: Torture, Assassination, and Blackmail in an Age of Asymmetric Conflict (Cambridge, 2009)
• Asa Kasher, “Military Ethics of Fighting Terror: An Israeli Perspective,” Journal of Military Ethics (2005)
• Henrik Syse, “Responsibility and Culpability in War,” Journal of Military Ethics (2007)
• David Whetham, “The Challenge of Ethical Relativism in a Coalition Environment,” Journal of Military Ethics (2008)
• Brian Orend, “Is There a Supreme Emergency?”, in Mark Evans, ed., Just War Theory: A Reappraisal (Edinburgh, 2005)
• Martin Cook, “Michael Walzer’s Concept of ‘Supreme Emergency’”, Journal of Military Ethics (2007)

Discrimination

• P.A. Woodward, ed., The Doctrine of Double Effect: Philosophers Debate a Controversial Moral Principle (Notre Dame, 2001)
• Thomas Cananaugh, Double Effect Reasoning: Doing Good and Avoiding Evil (Oxford, 2006)
• Frances M. Kamm, “Failures of Just War Theory: Terror, Harm, and Justice,” Ethics (2004)
• Alison McIntyre, “Doing Away with Double Effect,” Ethics (2001)
• David Rodin, “Terrorism without Intention,” Ethics (2004)
• Joseph Shaw, “Intention in Ethics,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy (2006)
• Steven Lee, “Double Effect, Double Intention, and Asymmetric Warfare,” Journal of Military Ethics (2004)
• Asa Kasher, “The Principle of Distinction,” Journal of Military Ethics (2007)
• Daniel Levine, “Care and Counterinsurgency,” Journal of Military Ethics (2010)
• Martin Shaw, The New Western Way of War: Risk-Transfer War and its Crisis in Iraq (Polity, 2005)
• Michael Gross, “The Second Lebanon War: The Question of Proportionality and the Prospect of Non-Lethal Warfare,” Journal of Military Ethics (2008)
• Chris Mayer, Nonlethal Weapons and Noncombatant Immunity: Is it Permissible to Target Noncombatants?, Journal of Military Ethics (2004)
• Pauline Kaurin, “With Fear and Trembling: An Ethical Framework for Non-Lethal Weapons,” Journal of Military Ethics   (2010)

Proportionality

• Paul Gilbert, “Proportionality in the Conduct of War,” Journal of Military Ethics (2005)
• Kateri Carmola, “The Concept of Proportionality: Old Questions and New Ambiguities,” in Mark Evans, ed., Just War Theory: A Reappraisal (Edinburgh, 2005)

Prisoners

• Michael Skerker, An Ethics of Interrogation (Chicago, 2010
• Wisnewski and R.D. Emerick, The Ethics of Torture (Continuum, 2009)

Jus post bellum

• Brian Orend, The Morality of War (Broadview, 2006)
• ______, “Justice After War,” Ethics & International Affairs (2002)
• Doug McCready, “Ending the War Right: Jus Post Bellum and the Just War Tradition,” Journal of Military Ethics (2009)
• Gary Bass, “Jus Post Bellum,” Philosophy & Public Affairs (2004)
• Robert Williams and Dan Caldwell, “Jus Post Bellum: Just War Theory and the Principles of Just Peace,”             International Studies Perspectives (2006)
• Carsten Stahn, “‘Jus ad bellum’, ‘jus in bello’ . . . ‘jus post bellum’? – Rethinking the Conception of the Law of Armed Force,” The European Journal of International Law (2007)
• Rebecca Johnson, “Jus Post Bellum and Counterinsurgency,” Journal of Military Ethics (2008)
• Carsten Stahn and Jan Kleffner, Jus Post Bellum: Towards a Law of Transition From Conflict to Peace (Asser, 2008)

Comparative ethical frameworks

• John Kelsay, Arguing the Just War in Islam (Harvard, 2009)
• Michael Jerryson, ed., Buddhist Warfare (Oxford, 2010)
• Richard Sorabji and David Rodun, eds., The Ethics Of War: Shared Problems In Different Traditions (Ashgate, 2006)
• PC Lo, ‘The Art Of War and Chinese Just War Ethics Past and Present, unpublished 2010 Bartlett Lecture, Yale Divinity School
• Daniel Bell, Just War as Christian Discipleship: Recentering the Tradition in the Church rather than the State (Brazos, 2009)
• Glenn Stassen, Just Peacemaking: The New Paradigm for the Ethics of Peace and War (Pilgrim, 2008)

GWOT (broad)

• Uwe Steinhoff, On the Ethics of War and Terrorism (Oxford, 2007)
• Fritz Allhoff, “The War on Terror and the Ethics of Exceptionalism,” Journal of Military Ethics (2009)
• Oliver O’Donovan, The Just War Revisited (Cambridge, 2003)
• Eric Patterson, Just War Thinking: Morality and Pragmatism in the Struggle against Contemporary Threats (Lexington, 2009)