Faculty

Michael P. Schultz, Ph.D., P.E.

Professor
Department Chair

•  Phone: 410-293-6421
•  Fax: 410-293-2219
•  E-mail: mschultz@usna.edu
•  342A Rickover Hall

Research Interests

Wall-bounded turbulence; Biofouling hydrodynamics; Roughness effects on drag; Drag reduction; Experimental fluid dynamics; Ship frictional drag.

Google Scholar

Education

• Ph.D., Florida Institute of Technology, 1998
• M.S., Ocean Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 1992
• B.S., Ocean Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 1990

Professional Experience

• Dept of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, U.S. Naval Academy
  • Professor, 2010 – present
  • Associate Professor, 2004 – 2010
  • Assistant Professor, 2000 – 2004
  • Visiting Assistant Professor, 1999 – 2000
• Johns Hopkins University, Visiting Professor, 2007 – present
• Princeton University, Visiting Fellow, 2006 – 2007
• General Electric, consultant, conduct hydrodynamic analysis of flow over complex geometries, 2009
• University of Hawaii, consultant, design water tunnel facility, 2000
• Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, research scientist, conduct turbulence research, 1999

Professional Memberships & Registration

• Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Florida
• American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME
• American Physical SocietyDivision of Fluid Dynamics
• American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, AIAA

Awards

• USNA nominee for the CASE & Carnegie Foundation U.S. Professor of the Year Award, 2011
• Fellow, American Physical Society
• Teaching Excellence Award at USNA, 2010
• Navy Meritorious Civilian Service Medal, 2006 & 2010
• Research Excellence Award at USNA, 2006
• Raouf A. Raouf Award for excellence in teaching engineering at USNA, 2006
• ASME Fluids Engineering Division’s R.T. Knapp Award for the most outstanding original paper in analytical or laboratory research, 2004 & 2011
• Apgar Teaching Award presented for excellence in teaching for a tenure-track professor at USNA, 2004 (Honorable Mention)
• Editorial Board Member for BiofoulingInternational Research Journal, 2003-present
• Thesis Committee Member, Princeton University, Johns Hopkins University, University of New Hampshire
• Panelist for Turbulence Proposal Reviews
• Reviewer for ~20 journals in the fields of fluid mechanics and biofouling
• Session Chair and Session Organizer for ~10 International Conferences
• Ocean Engineering Program Director, 2010-present
• Midshipman Research Project Day – Engineering & Weapons Rep, 2009-present

Professional & Community Service

• Director, Hydromechanics Laboratory, US Naval Academy, 2014 - 2022
• Program Director, Ocean Engineering Program, US Naval Academy, 2010 - 2014

Research & Publications

• R.J. Volino & M.P. Schultz, “Response of Smooth- and Rough-wall Boundary Layers to Non-equilibrium Adverse Pressure Gradients,” in revision for Journal of Fluid Mechanics.
• I.K. Kaminaris, E. Balaras, V. Vishwanathan, & M.P. Schultz (2026), “On the Impact of Frontal Solidity on Turbulent Boundary Layers over Irregular Bio-inspired Surfaces,” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 117, Art. No. 109991, 10 pp., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109991.
• R.J. Volino & M.P. Schultz (2025), “Drag Determination from Mean Velocity Profiles in Rough-wall Boundary Layers,” Physical Review Fluids Vol. 10, 124602.
• R.J. Volino & M.P. Schultz (2025), “Development of Smooth- and Rough-wall Boundary Layers with Strong Sink Flow Favourable Pressure Gradients,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 1019, A12.
• I.K. Kaminaris, E. Balaras, & M.P. Schultz (2025), “The Spatiotemporal Evolution of Superstructures over Rough-wall Turbulent Boundary-layers,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 1021, A25.
• V. Vishwanathan, N. Hutchins, & M.P. Schultz (2025), “Evaluating the power mean method to determine an equivalent sandgrain roughness parameter over streamwise-heterogeneous roughness” Flow, Vol. 5, E23, 14 pp., https://doi.org/10.1017/flo.2025.10014.
• R.J. Volino & M.P. Schultz (2025), “Outer Scaling of Rough and Smooth Wall Boundary Layers under Adverse Pressure Gradient Conditions,” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 114, Art. No. 109821, 10 pp., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109821.
• I.K. Kaminaris, E. Balaras, M.P. Schultz & R.J. Volino (2023), “Secondary Flows in Turbulent Boundary Layers Developing over Truncated Cone Surfaces,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 961, A23.
• R.J. Volino & M.P. Schultz (2023), “Comparison of Smooth- and Rough-wall Non-equilibrium Boundary Layers with Favourable and Adverse Pressure Gradients,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 959, A35.
• K.A. Flack & M.P. Schultz (2023), “Hydraulic Characterization of Sandpaper Roughness,” Experiments in Fluids, Vol. 64, 11 pp., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-022-03544-0.
• N. Hutchins, B. Ganapathisubramani, M.P. Schultz, & D.I. Pullin (2023), “Defining an Equivalent Homogeneous Roughness Length for Turbulent Boundary Layers Developing over Patchy or Heterogeneous Surfaces,” Ocean Engineering, Vol. 271, Article 113454. 
• R.J. Volino & M.P. Schultz (2022), “Effects of Boundary Layer Thickness on the Estimation of Equivalent Sandgrain Roughness in Zero Pressure Gradient Boundary Layers,” Experiments in Fluids, Vol. 63, Article 131.
• E.A.K. Murphy, J.M. Barros, M.P. Schultz, K.A. Flack, C.N. Steppe, & M.A. Reidenbach (2022), “Boundary Layer Hydrodynamics of Patchy Biofilms,” Biofouling, Vol. 38.
• K.M. Womack, R.J. Volino, C. Meneveau, & M.P. Schultz (2022), “Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow over Regularly and Irregularly Arranged Truncated Cone Surfaces,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 933, A38.
• D. Chung, N. Hutchins, M.P. Schultz, & K.A. Flack (2021), “Predicting the Drag of Roughness,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 53, pp. 439-471.
• J.W. Gose, K. Golovin, M. Boban, B. Tobelmann, E. Callison, J. Barros, M.P. Schultz, A. Tuteja, M. Perlin, & S.L. Ceccio (2021), “Turbulent Skin Friction Reduction through the Application of Superhydrophobic Coatings to a Towed Submerged SUBOFF Body,” Journal of Ship Research, Vol. 65, pp. 266-274.
• K.A. Flack, M.P. Schultz, & R.J. Volino (2020), “The Effect of a Systematic Change in Surface Roughness Skewness on Turbulence and Drag,” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol85, Art. No.108669, 8 pp.
• K.A. Flack, M.P. Schultz, & J.M. Barros (2020), “Skin Friction Measurements of Systematically-Varied Roughness: Probing the Role of Roughness Amplitude and Skewness,” Flow, Turbulence, and Combustion, Vol. 104, pp. 317-329.
• K.M. Womack, C. Meneveau, & M.P. Schultz (2019), “Comprehensive Shear Stress Analysis of Turbulent Boundary Layer Profiles,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 879, pp. 360-389.
• N. Speranza, B. Kidd, M.P. Schultz, & I.M. Viola (2019), “Modelling of Hull Roughness,” Ocean Engineering, Vol. 174, pp. 31-42.
• R.J. Volino & M.P. Schultz (2018), “Determination of Wall Shear Stress from the Mean Velocity and Reynolds Shear Stress Profiles,” Physical Review Fluids, Vol. 3, Art. No. 034606, 21 pp.
• E.A.K. Murphy, J.M. Barros, M.P. Schultz, K.A. Flack, C.N. Steppe, & M.A. Reidenbach (2018), “Roughness Effects of Diatomaceous Slime Fouling on Turbulent Boundary Layer Hydrodynamics,” Biofouling, Vol. 34, pp. 976-988.
• J.M. Barros, M.P. Schultz, & K.A. Flack (2018), “Measurements of Skin-Friction of Systematically Generated Surface Roughness,” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 72, pp. 1-7.
• K.A. Nolte, J. Koc, J.M. Barros, K. Hunsucker, M.P. Schultz, G.W. Swain, & A. Rosenhahn (2018), “Dynamic Field Testing of Coating Chemistry Candidates by Rotating Disk System,” Biofouling, Vol. 34, pp. 398-409.
• D.T. Squire, C. Morrill-Winter, N. Hutchins, M.P. Schultz, J.C. Klewicki, & I. Marusic (2017), “Applicability of Taylor’s Hypothesis in Rough- and Smooth-Wall Boundary Layers,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 812, pp. 398-417.
• C. Morrill-Winter, D.T. Squire, J.C. Klewicki, N. Hutchins, M.P. Schultz, & I. Marusic (2017), “Reynolds Number and Roughness Effects on Turbulent Stresses in Sandpaper Roughness Boundary Layers,” Physical Review Fluids, Vol. 2, Art. No. 054608, 22 pp.
• D.T. Squire, C. Morrill-Winter, N. Hutchins, I. Marusic, M.P. Schultz, & J.C. Klewicki (2016), “Smooth and Rough Wall Boundary Layer Structure from High Spatial Range PIV,” Physical Review Fluids, Vol. 1, Art. No. 064402, 28 pp.
• D.T. Squire, C. Morrill-Winter, N. Hutchins, M.P. Schultz, J.C. Klewicki, & I. Marusic (2016), “Comparison of Turbulent Boundary Layers over Smooth and Rough Surfaces up to High Reynolds Numbers,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 795, pp. 210-240.
• M.P. Schultz, J.M. Walker, C.N. Steppe, & K.A. Flack (2015), “Impact of Diatomaceous Biofilms on the Frictional Drag of Fouling-Release Coatings,” Biofouling, Vol. 31, pp. 759-773.
• K.A. Flack & M.P. Schultz (2014), “Roughness Effects on Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows,” Physics of Fluids, Vol. 26, Art. No. 101305, 18 pp.
• Y.K. Demirel, M. Khorasanchi, O. Turan, A. Incecik, & M.P. Schultz (2014), “A CFD Model for the Frictional Resistance Prediction of Antifouling Coatings,” Ocean Engineering, Vol. 89, pp. 21-31.
• J. M. Walker, K.A. Flack, E. E. Lust, L. Luznik, & M.P. Schultz (2014), “Experimental and Numerical Studies of Blade Roughness and Fouling on Marine Current Turbine Performance,” Renewable Energy, Vol. 66, pp. 257-267.
• M.P. Schultz & K.A. Flack (2013), “Reynolds-Number Scaling of Turbulent Channel Flow,” Physics of Fluids, Vol. 25, Art. No. 025104, 13 pp.
• J.A. Finlay, M.P. Schultz, G. Cone, M.E. Callow, & J.A. Callow (2013), “A Novel Biofilm Channel for Evaluating the Adhesion of Diatoms to Non-Biocidal Coatings,”Biofouling, Vol. 29, pp. 401-411.
• K.A. Flack, M.P. Schultz, & W.B. Rose (2012), “The Onset of Roughness Effects in the Transitionally Rough Regime,” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 35, pp. 160-167.
• J. Hong, J. Katz, C. Meneveau, & M.P. Schultz (2012), “Coherent Structures and Associated Subgrid-Scale Energy Transfer in a Rough-Wall Turbulent Channel Flow,”Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 712, pp. 92-128.\
• J. Hong, J. Katz, & M.P. Schultz (2011), “Near-Wall Turbulence Statistics and Flow Structures over Three-Dimensional Roughness in a Turbulent Channel Flow,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 667, pp. 1-37.
• M.P. Schultz, J.A. Bendick, E.R. Holm, & W.M. Hertel (2011), “Economic Impact of Biofouling on a Naval Surface Ship,”Biofouling, Vol. 27, 87-98.
• R.J. Volino, M.P. Schultz, & K.A. Flack (2011), “Turbulence Structure in a Boundary Layer over Periodic Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Roughness,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 676, pp. 172-190.
• K.A. Flack & M.P. Schultz (2010), “Review of Hydraulic Roughness Scales in the Fully Rough Regime,” ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering , Vol. 132, Art. No. 041203, 10 pp.
• M.P. Schultz & K.A. Flack (2009), “Turbulent Boundary Layers over a Systematically-Varied Rough Wall,” Physics of Fluids, Vol. 21, Art. No. 015104, 9 pp.
• R.J. Volino, M.P. Schultz, & K.A. Flack (2009), “Turbulence Structure in a Boundary Layer with Two-Dimensional Roughness,”Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 635, pp. 75-101.
• S.C.C. Bailey, M.N. Hultmark, A.J. Smits, & M.P. Schultz (2008), “Azimuthal Structure of Turbulence in High Reynolds Number Pipe Flow,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 615, pp. 121-138.
• K.M. Womack, R.J. Volino, & M.P. Schultz (2008), “Measurements in Film Cooling Flows with Periodic Wakes,”Journal of Turbomachinery, Vol. 130, Art. No. 041008, 13 pp.
• K.M. Womack, R.J. Volino, & M.P. Schultz (2008), “Combined Effects of Wakes and Jet Pulsing on Film Cooling,” Journal of Turbomachinery, Vol. 130, Art. No. 041010, 12 pp.
• M.P. Schultz & K.A. Flack (2007), “The Rough-Wall Turbulent Boundary Layer from the Hydraulically Smooth to the Fully Rough Regime,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 580, pp. 381-405.
• M.P. Schultz (2007), "Effects of Coating Roughness and Biofouling on Ship Resistance and Powering," Biofouling, Vol. 23, pp. 331-341.
• K.A. Flack, M.P. Schultz, & J.S. Connelly (2007), “Examination of a Critical Roughness Height for Wall Similarity,” Physics of Fluids, Vol. 19, Art. No. 095104, 9 pp.
• R.J. Volino, M.P. Schultz, & K.A. Flack (2007), “The Turbulence Structure in Rough- and Smooth-Wall Boundary Layers,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 592, pp. 263-293.
• J.S. Connelly, M.P.Schultz, & Flack (2006), "Velocity-Defect Scaling for Turbulent Boundary Layers with a Range of Relative Roughness," Experiments in Fluids, Vol. 40, pp. 188-195.